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Geochemical investigation of perennial spring activity and associated mineral precipitates at Expedition Fiord, Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian high arctic

by Christopher R. Omelon

Institution: McGill University
Department: Department of Geography
Degree: MS
Year: 1999
Keywords: Earth Sciences  – Geochemistry
Posted:
Record ID: 1700404
Full text PDF: http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/thesisfile18255.pdf


Abstract

Two groups of perennial springs are observed in the Canadian High Arctic at Expedition Fiord on Axel Heiberg Island. Saline discharge (~1.3-2.5 molal) produces a variety of calcite (travertine) and gypsum-rich precipitates. Field observations, laboratory experiments, and geochemical modeling of the waters reveal that calcite precipitation is controlled primarily by CO2 degassing, but alternating light (sparite calcite crystals) and dark (amorphous micritic calcite spheres coated by organic material and trace metals) laminae are present. Evaluation of the geochemical environment in conjunction with field observations suggest that micrite layer formation may be influenced by microbial activity, although their presence has yet to be confirmed. In addition, discharge from two springs at Colour Peak leads to the precipitation of metastable calcium carbonate crystals (0.25-0.5 cm long) on terraced and steep mound slopes that form during winter months. Background literature and field observations suggest that this mineral may be ikaite (CaCO3•6H2O). The precipitation of this mineral may provide information regarding its environmental growth constraints and opportunities. Deux groupes des sources pérennes sont observés dans le Haut-Arctique au fjord Expedition sur l'île Axel Heiberg. Les eaux minéralisées (~1.3-2.5 molal) qui sortent des sources produisent une précipitation de dépôts variés et riches en calcite (travertine) et gypse. Les observations de terrain, les expériences en laboratoire et les modèles geochimiques des eaux montrent que la précipitation de calcite est contrôlée principalmente par la perte de gaz CO2 mais il y a des couches pâles (crystaux calcite sparite) et foncées (sphères de calcite micritique amorphe emrobées par materiaux organique et metaux trace). L'évaluation de l'environnement geochimique et les observations de terrain suggèrent que la production de la couche micritique pourrait être influencée par l'activité microbienne, mais la présence de microbes reste à confirmer. Les sources pérennes à Colour Peak produisent également des cristaux calcium carbonate "métastable" (0.25-0.5 cm) sur les pentes raides et en terrasses pendant l'hiver. La litérature et les observations de terrain suggèrent que ce minéral peut fournir de l'information sur les conditions environnementales de la croissance. fr

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