Abstracts Anthropology

O asfalto, o componente indígena e suas camadas : tornando visíveis os dispositivos de governo no contexto da AIA de infraestrutura de transporte na Amazônia

by Luana Rosado Emil

The present research was developed based on the experience of 10 years of working in the process of Environmental Licensing of road works, and more specifically in the study of documents relating to the indigenous component of BR-230/PA (Transamazon highway), between the years 2018 and 2021. I propose the redefinition of the environmental impact assessment of the indigenous component, starting with new questions from the perspective of Indigenous groups and their territories. This change of orientation can alter the terms of the impact assessment substantially and, therefore, the follow-up steps of the process, such as the elaboration and execution of mitigation measures and compensation for environmental impacts. In the preparation of the thesis I use the "deconstruction of asphalt" as a metaphor to think about the environmental licensing process, its paths and agents involved. To this end, I present the case of the CI-EIA of BR-230/PA- Transamazonian highway through an ethnography of papers, where I saw how bureaucracy and technique mold the indigenous component of the environmental licensing process. I also conduct the analysis of the "products" of environmental licensing in light of the State regulations in force, observing the strategies employed to ensure compliance with the terms of reference issued by the regulatory body for indigenous rights (FUNAI). I argue that anthropology can contribute to the displacement of the meaning of "work", "enterprises", "progress", thus allowing for different forms of planning that are capable of listening to and incorporating diversity, while promoting the maintenance of the land, the standing forest, and the safeguarding of the life of the multiple beings with whom we coexist.