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Neonatal Sepsis Detection Using Decision Tree Ensemble Methods: Random Forest and XGBoost

by Marwan Al-Bardaji

Institution: KTH
Department: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS)
Degree:
Year: 2022
Keywords: Machine Learning; Sepsis; Neonatal Sepsis; Random Forest; XGBoost; Imbalanced Data; Binary Classification; Cross-Validation; Hyperparameter Tuning; Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering; Elektroteknik och elektronik
Posted: 3/25/2025
Record ID: 2268101
Full text PDF: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-323732


Abstract

Neonatal sepsis is a potentially fatal medical conditiondue to an infection and is attributed to about 200 000annual deaths globally. With healthcare systems that are facingconstant challenges, there exists a potential for introducingmachine learning models as a diagnostic tool that can beautomatized within existing workflows and would not entail morework for healthcare personnel. The Herlenius Research Teamat Karolinska Institutet has collected neonatal sepsis data thathas been used for the development of many machine learningmodels across several papers. However, none have tried to studydecision tree ensemble methods. In this paper, random forestand XGBoost models are developed and evaluated in order toassess their feasibility for clinical practice. The data contained24 features of vital parameters that are easily collected througha patient monitoring system. The validation and evaluationprocedure needed special consideration due to the data beinggrouped based on patient level and being imbalanced. Theproposed methods developed in this paper have the potentialto be generalized to other similar applications. Finally, usingthe measure receiver-operating-characteristic area-under-curve(ROC AUC), both models achieved around ROC AUC= 0.84.Such results suggest that the random forest and XGBoost modelsare potentially feasible for clinical practice. Another gainedinsight was that both models seemed to perform better withsimpler models, suggesting that future work could create a moreexplainable model. Nenatal sepsis är ett potentiellt dödligt‌‌‌ medicinskt tillstånd till följd av en infektion och uppges globalt orsaka 200 000 dödsfall årligen. Med sjukvårdssystem som konstant utsätts för utmaningar existerar det en potential för maskininlärningsmodeller som diagnostiska verktyg automatiserade inom existerande arbetsflöden utan att innebära mer arbete för sjukvårdsanställda. Herelenius forskarteam på Karolinska Institet har samlat ihop neonatal sepsis data som har använts för att utveckla många maskininlärningsmodeller över flera studier. Emellertid har ingen prövat att undersöka beslutsträds ensemble metoder. Syftet med denna studie är att utveckla och utvärdera random forest och XGBoost modeller för att bedöma deras möjligheter i klinisk praxis. Datan innehör 24 attribut av vitalparameterar som enkelt samlas in genom patientövervakningssystem. Förfarandet för validering och utvärdering krävde särskild hänsyn med tanke på att datan var grupperad på patientnivå och var obalanserad. Den föreslagna metoden har potential att generaliseras till andra liknande tillämpningar. Slutligen, genom att använda receiveroperating-characteristic area-under-curve (ROC AUC) måttet kunde vi uppvisa att båda modellerna presterade med ett resultat på ROC AUC= 0.84. Sådana resultat föreslår att både random forest och XGBoost modellerna kan potentiellt användas i klinisk praxis. En annan insikt var att båda modellerna verkade prestera bättre med enklare modeller vilket föreslår att ete skulle kunna vara att skapa en mer förklarlig…

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