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by Ariel González Levaggi
| Institution: | Universidad Católica Argentina |
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| Department: | |
| Degree: | |
| Year: | 2022 |
| Keywords: | POLITICA MIGRATORIA; GOBERNANTES; SOCIEDAD CIVIL; SERVICIOS SOCIALES; MERCADO DE TRABAJO |
| Posted: | 3/25/2025 |
| Record ID: | 2317663 |
| Full text PDF: | https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/17174 https://repositorio.uca.edu.ar/handle/123456789/17174 |
Fil: González Levaggi, Ariel. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentina Fil: Feline Freier, Luisa. London School of Economics and Political Science; Inglaterra By April 2021, Venezuela’s multidimensional crisis had led over 5.6 million of the country’s citizens to emigrate, mostly across South America. This chapter offers a comparative analysis of national policy responses to Venezuelan immigration in Argentina and Peru from a development perspective in the period 2015‒2020. Although the government of each country recognised the potential of disproportionate numbers of highly skilled Venezuelan immigrants, Argentina has been more successful than Peru in offering them legal pathways to immigration and incorporating them into the formal labour market. Our key argument is that Argentina has been able to foster the integration of Venezuelans—in terms of granting regular status, validating academic and professional degrees and providing access to basic social services—for three reasons: first, the lower overall numbers and higher socio-economic characteristics of the migrants; second, Argentina’s progressive legislative immigration framework; and third, the prominent role of civil society actors lobbying for immigrants and pushing for more inclusive public policies. In the case of Peru, the rapid increase in numbers of immigrants has led to a surge in xenophobic public opinion, which has generated pressure to implement non-inclusive policies. The country’s new immigration law lacks institutional consolidation, and there is no strong civil society to act as a counterweight to restrictive policy developments. The chapter contributes to the literature on the migration–development nexus, pointing out the importance of state capacity and civil society when thinking about migration and development in the global South. Resumen: En abril de 2021, la crisis multidimensional de Venezuela había llevado a más de 5,6 millones de ciudadanos a emigrar, en su mayoría a través de Sudamérica. Este capítulo ofrece un análisis comparativo de las respuestas de políticas nacionales a la inmigración venezolana en Argentina y Perú desde una perspectiva de desarrollo y en el período 2015-2020. Aunque el gobierno de cada país reconoció el potencial de un número desproporcionado de inmigrantes venezolanos altamente cualificados, Argentina ha tenido más éxito que Perú en ofrecerles vías legales para la inmigración e incorporarlos al mercado laboral formal. Nuestro argumento clave es que Argentina ha podido fomentar la integración de los venezolanos -en términos de concesión de estatus regular, convalidación de títulos académicos y profesionales y acceso a los servicios sociales básicos- por tres razones: en primer lugar, el menor número total y las características socioeconómicas más altas de los inmigrantes; en segundo lugar, el marco legislativo progresista de Argentina en materia de inmigración; y en tercer lugar, el destacado papel…
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